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Penjelasan Seputar IFRS

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Penjelasan Seputar IFRS

Pengertian IFRS

Penjelasan Seputar IFRS

IFRS, adalah singkatan dari International Financial Reporting Standard, merupakan standar akuntansi internasional yang diakui oleh mayoritas perusahaan dan negara di dunia untuk dipakai sebagai standar akuntansi mereka. IFRS diterbitkan oleh International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).

IFRS merupakan penyempurnaan dari IAS (International Accounting Standards). IAS sendiri disusun oleh empat badan/ organisasi akuntansi utama di dunia, yaitu:
Ø Badan Standar Akuntansi Internasional (IASB)
Ø Komisi Masyarakat Eropa (EC)
Ø Organisasi Internasional Pasar Modal (IOSOC)
Ø Federasi Akuntansi Internasioanal (IFAC)

Sejarah IFRS

Standar pelaporan keuangan dan standar akuntansi diketahui bersama haruslah standar yang dapat diterima dan dipahami oleh masyarakat global dan tidak menguntungkan pihak tertentu saja, sehingga diperlukan standar yang sama dan dapat diterima di seluruh dunia. Di tahun 1970 an Inggris, Kanada, US membentuk Accounting International Study Group (AISG). Sedangkan di 1973 sekumpulan organisasi professional akuntansi dari Belanda, Kanada, Australia, Meksiko, Jepang, Prancis dan Selandia Baru membentuk International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) yang menghasilkan International Accounting Standard (IAS) 2000.

Pada tahun 2000 anggota Badan ini menyetujui restrukturisasi IASC dan Konstitusi (Anggaran Dasar) baru IASC dan dibentuk IASC Foundation (IASCF) yang membawahi International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) dan International Financial Reporting Intepretation Committee (IIFRIC). Pada bulan Maret 2001, IASC Trustee mengesahkan Bagian B Konstitusi baru IASC dan mendirikan sebuah perusahaan nirlaba Delaware, bernama International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation, untuk mengawasi IASB. IASB yang baru dibentuk mengambil alih dari IASC tanggung jawab untuk menetapkan Standar Akuntansi Internasional. Dalam pertemuan pertama Dewan baru itu mengadopsi IAS dan SICs yang sudah ada. Kemudian IASB terus melanjutkan pengembangan standar akuntansi international dengan menyebut standar baru mereka itu dengan sebutan International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). IASB inilah yang pada akhirnya menerbitkan International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) pada 1 April 2001.

Struktur IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards mencakup:
* International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) – standar yang diterbitkan setelah tahun 2001
* International Accounting Standards (IAS) – standar yang diterbitkan sebelum tahun 2001
* Interpretations yang diterbitkan oleh International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) – setelah tahun 2001
* Interpretations yang diterbitkan oleh Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) – sebelum tahun 2001 (www.wikipedia.org)

Secara garis besar ada empat hal pokok yang diatur dalam standar akuntansi.
  1. Pertama berkaitan dengan definisi elemen laporan keuangan atau informasi lain yang berkaitan. Definisi digunakan dalam standar akuntansi untuk menentukan apakah transaksi tertentu harus dicatat dan dikelompokkan ke dalam aktiva, hutang, modal, pendapatan dan biaya.
  2. Kedua adalah pengukuran dan penilaian. Pedoman ini digunakan untuk menentukan nilai dari suatu elemen laporan keuangan baik pada saat terjadinya transaksi keuangan maupun pada saat penyajian laporan keuangan (pada tanggal neraca).
  3. Ketiga yang dimuat dalam standar adalah pengakuan, yaitu kriteria yang digunakan untuk mengakui elemen laporan keuangan sehingga elemen tersebut dapat disajikan dalam laporan keuangan.
  4. Keempat adalah penyajian dan pengungkapan laporan keuangan. Komponen keempat ini digunakan untuk menentukan jenis informasi dan bagaimana informasi tersebut disajikan dan diungkapkan dalam laporan keuangan. Suatu informasi dapat disajikan dalam badan laporan (Neraca, Laporan Laba/Rugi) atau berupa penjelasan (notes) yang menyertai laporan keuangan (Chariri, 2009).


IFRS statements yang masih berlaku:
1. IFRS 1 First time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards
2. IFRS 2 Share-based Payment
3. IFRS 3 Business Combinations
4. IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts
5. IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
6. IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources
7. IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures
8. IFRS 8 Operating Segments
9. IFRS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements
10. IFRS 2: Inventories
11. IFRS 7: Cash Flow Statements
12. IFRS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors
13. IFRS 10: Events After the Balance Sheet Date
14. IFRS 11: Construction Contracts
15. IFRS 12: Income Taxes
16. IFRS 14: Segment Reporting (superseded by IFRS 8 on January 1, 2008)
17. IFRS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment
18. IFRS 17: Leases
19. IFRS 18: Revenue
20. IFRS 19: Employee Benefits
21. IFRS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance
22. IAS 21: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
23. IAS 23: Borrowing Costs
24. IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures
25. IAS 26: Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans
26. IAS 27: Consolidated Financial Statements
27. IAS 28: Investments in Associates
28. IAS 29: Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies
29. IAS 31: Interests in Joint Ventures
30. IAS 32: Financial Instruments: Presentation (Financial instruments disclosures are in IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, and no longer in IAS 32)
31. IAS 33: Earnings Per Share
32. IAS 34: Interim Financial Reporting
33. IAS 36: Impairment of Assets
34. IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
35. IAS 38: Intangible Assets (summary)
36. IAS 39: Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
37. IAS 40: Investment Property
38. IAS 41: Agriculture


Daftar Interprestasi
1. Preface to International Financial Reporting Interpretations (Updated to January 2006)
2. IFRIC 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities (Updated to January 2006)
3. IFRIC 7 Approach under IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies (Issued February 2006)
4. IFRIC 8 Scope of IFRS 2 (Issued February 2006) - has been eliminated with Amendments issued to IFRS 2
5. IFRIC 9 Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives (Issued April 2006)
6. IFRIC 10 Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment (Issued November 2006)
7. IFRIC 11 IFRS 2-Group and Treasury Share Transactions (Issued November 2006) - has been eliminated with Amendments issued to IFRS 2
8. IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements (Issued November 2006)
9. IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes (Issued in June 2007)
10. IFRIC 14 IAS 19 – The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction (issued in July 2007)
11. IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate (issued in July 2008)
12. IFRIC 16 Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation (issued in July 2008)
13. IFRIC 17 Distributions of Non-cash Assets (issued in November 2008)
14. IFRIC 18 Transfers of Assets from Customers (issued in January 2009)
15. SIC 7 Introduction of the Euro (Updated to January 2006)
16. SIC 10 Government Assistance-No Specific Relation to Operating Activities (Updated to January 2006)
17. SIC 12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities (Updated to January 2006)
18. SIC 13 Jointly Controlled Entities-Non-Monetary Contributions by Venturers (Updated to January 2006)
19. SIC 15 Operating Leases-Incentives (Updated to January 2006)
20. SIC 21 Income Taxes-Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets (Updated to January 2006)
21. SIC 25 Income Taxes-Changes in the Tax Status of an Entity or its Shareholders (Updated to January 2006)
22. SIC 27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease (Updated to January 2006)
23. SIC 29 Disclosure-Service Concession Arrangements (Updated to January 2006)
24. SIC 31 Revenue-Barter Transactions Involving Advertising Services (Updated to January 2006)
25. SIC 32 Intangible Assets-Web Site Costs (Updated to January 2006)
26. SIC 33 Consolidation and equity method - Potential voting rights and allocation of ownership interests

Terima kasih kepada: http://blog-akuntansi.blogspot.com/2010/05/international-financial-reporting.html; http://gemaisgery.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengertian-ifrs-dan-penerapannya.html; http://samuelhasiholan.wordpress.com/2012/03/28/pengerian-dan-dampak-ifrs-di-indonesia/; http://ririn21.blogspot.com/2012/06/sejarah-dan-pengertian-ifrs.html

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